![]() ![]() Unlike most of South Dakota, the Black Hills were settled by European Americans primarily from population centers to the west and south of the region, as miners flocked there from earlier gold boom locations in Colorado and Montana. The US government took the Black Hills and forcibly relocated the Lakota, following the Great Sioux War of 1876, to five smaller reservations in western South Dakota, selling off 9 million acres (36,000 km 2) of their former land. However, when settlers discovered gold there in 1874, as a result of George Armstrong Custer's Black Hills Expedition, miners swept into the area in a gold rush. government signed the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, establishing the Great Sioux Reservation west of the Missouri River, and exempting the Black Hills from all white settlement forever. After conquering the Cheyenne in 1776, the Lakota took the territory of the Black Hills, which became central to their culture. Native Americans have a long history in the Black Hills and consider it a sacred site. The hills are so called because of their dark appearance from a distance, as they are covered in evergreen trees. The name of the hills in Lakota is Pahá Sápa, meaning “the heart of everything that is." The Black Hills are considered a holy site. The Black Hills encompass the Black Hills National Forest. Black Elk Peak (formerly known as Harney Peak), which rises to 7,244 feet (2,208 m), is the range's highest summit. The Black Hills is an isolated mountain range rising from the Great Plains of North America in western South Dakota and extending into Wyoming, United States.
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